Een simpele dichotomie, factoren buiten de kleine groep en leiderschap

Samenvatting

A 2-part study of outside factors affecting the leadership of small groups. Part (1) examines the theoretical assumptions underlying the role of these outside factors. The role of macrosociological factors is stressed, following the lead of Ter Hoeven in the Netherlands since the 1930's. The dichotomy is outlined between instrumental and social leadership (based respectively on initiating structures and consideration), developed in the US by R. M. Stogdill after WWII. In Part (2), these theoretical assumptions are applied to 2 practical situations: (1) war and peace, with reference to A. W. Halpin and B. J. Winer, 'A Factorial Study of the Leader Behavior Descriptions,' in R. M. Stogdill and A. E. Coons, Ed's, Leader behavior, Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1957, which gave scores of 29 US commanding officers in the judgments of their superiors and the men under their command in peace and war, with significant differences between instrumental and social leadership; and (2) automation, with reference to F. C. Mann and L. R. Hoffman, Automation and the worker, New York, 1960, a study of reactions to the introduction of automation which showed significant differences in social and instrumental leadership with regard to 'advance' and 'standard' attitudes. I. Langnas.