DE CITADEL VAN DE HERTOG VAN ALVA IN DE STAD GRONINGEN, 1569-1577

Samenvatting

In 1568 the Duke of Alba ordered the con­struction of a fortress in the city of Gro­ningen. The citadel was part of a series of fortifications to subdue the revolt of the Netherlands. In order to be able to con­struct these fortifications according to the latest military ideas, a whole group of Ha­lian engineers had travelied with the duke to the Netherlands. They played an impor­tant role in spreading the new Halian style of fortification. Because of the enormous cost and problems concerning the design, the fortress was never finished. Historical and archaeological evidence proves that, in contrast with common assumptions, the final plan was made by Bartolomeo Campi.