An account of CD in Arab countries as of mid-1966 & an examination of the underlying concepts. Data are offered on CD in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria & Kuwait. There is no agreement on the underlying concepts of CD, esp in their application to the area under review. 'The process of change should, for instance, in the eyes of some traditional religious leaders, not be looked upon in the sense that it means emancipation ... That would be identical with rejecting Islam.' Again, Lebanon 'for pol'al reasons, rejects the idea of seeing CD as a movement' because it might upset the delicate Christian/Muslim balance. The real test of the effectiveness of a program is said to be not the changes achieved but the increased willingness of the people to plan, organize & apply themselves effectively to the achievement of their own welfare. In Arab countries, CD should aim at 3 things: (1) the promotion of willingness at the local level to accept CD & to contribute to it, (2) the creation of a link between the gov & the people to foster CD, & (3) the encouragement of cooperation in order to avoid duplication & unnecessary gaps in CD efforts. I. Langnas.
