The functions and dysfunctions of "fashion" in science: a case for the study of social change

Samenvatting

A study of the meaning & importance of 'fashion' in soc sci. There is a good deal of misunderstanding surrounding the term 'fashion' due to lack of a satisfactory soc sci analysis, loose usage, & undue emphasis on negative implications. The essential element in the use of 'fashion' with regard to soc sci is 'changefulness.' The cultural & soc sources of 'fashion' in sci are examined & reduced to: (1) new ideas or concepts; (2) new methods; (3) new access; (4) new recruits; (5) new funds; (6) new professorships & other positions; & (7) 'soc problems' of the time. The dysfunctions of 'fashion' include failure to maintain norms of originality & autonomy; improper distribution of talents, efforts & funds; & a waste of talent, esp young talent. The functions of 'fashion' are stimulation of originality & useful work, & a better morale. The question of creating a 'functional calculus' of fashion is raised. These considerations explain why ambivalence is the patterned response of sci'ts to 'fashion' in sci. Notes on the 'fashionableness' of Med sociol since 1945 are appended. I. Langnas.