Hoe de staat zijn raison d'être verloor. Staat en revolutie in Frankrijk 1775-1789

Samenvatting

The concept of the state as a negative transfer system points to the importance of fiscal institutions in explaining the weakness of the state during times of crises. The French Revolution of 1789 demonstrates this concept; the financial structure of the state reached its limits as a result of the burden of the expenses connected with the American War of Independence (1776-1783). New taxes, more loans, & reforms were needed, yet these affected property rights so greatly that the financial transactions of the state became a rallying point in mobilizing opposition against the ancien regime. In contrast, it is shown how the British state could finance a war without losing the support of the landowning classes & without overburdening the Lcs. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 42 References. HA