Comparing how different social, political and legal frameworks support or inhibit transitions from public care to independence in Europe, Israel, Canada and the United States

Abstract

Concerns have increasingly been raised about the difficulties experienced by young people making the transition from public care to independence in different societies. This paper explores the theoretical and conceptual issues that need to be considered when undertaking comparative research in this area. Following this, the similarities and differences in legal and policy frameworks that may support or inhibit transitions from adolescence to adulthood are examined. Research findings on outcomes for young people leaving public care are also discussed. 
Despite differences in social, cultural, economic and political contexts, there are clear indications of similarities in the types of need experienced by care leavers in Western societies. Adverse outcomes for this vulnerable group are of concern because they are indicative of both personal disadvantage to the young people concerned, and also of the possibility of social exclusion and dependency on public services continuing into adulthood. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research to address current knowledge gaps.